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Alexandr Nikolayevich Aksakov (''Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Акса́ков''; Repievka, Penza region, 27 May 1832 – 4 January 1903, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian author, translator, journalist, editor, and psychic researcher. While living in Germany with his wife and publishing his writings there, he began to spell his name as Alexander Aksakof to accommodate the German spelling style, and this is the name by which he is most known outside of Russia.〔〔1927, republished 2007.〕〔 Note: this quote as a cited reference can also be seen on page 722 in the multivolume "The Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition", 1989, Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-19-861229-2." The "M. Aksakof" is actually "A. Aksakof," as indicated further in the 1896 quarterly journal ''Borderland'' showing his signature (see next ref).〕〔 edited by William Thomas Stead, 1896, with image of Aksakof's signature, published during his lifetime.〕〔 by James J. Owen, 1893〕〔 〕〔 〕 == Biography == Alexandr Nikolayevich Aksakov was born in Penza Governorate, a son of landlord Nikolai T. Aksakov and the nephew of writer Sergey Aksakov. His wife's name was Sophie.〔 by William Henry Harrison, 1879.〕 In 1851, having graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, Aksakov joined the Russian Imperial Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1852 as a member of the notorious Melnikov-Pecherskiy's expedition he traveled to the Nizhny Novgorod region to investigate the case of the local raskol movement. In 1858 Nizhny Novgorod's governor A. N. Muravioff (one of the original Decembrists) invited Aksakov to join the government's Office for the State Properties and he began working as an official adviser for its Economic division. In 1868-1878 he was the member of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery and retired as a state councillor (which gave him the right to be addressed as "your Excellency"). As a student Aksakov was greatly impressed by the works of Emanuel Swedenborg, and this led to an all-consuming interest in mediumship, specifically in its physical manifestations. In 1863 he translated Swedenborg's ''Heaven and Hell'' (''De Caelo et Ejus Mirabilibus et de inferno. Ex Auditis et Visis'') from Latin into Russian, under the title "About Heaven, Universe and Hell as it's been seen and heard by E. Swedenborg". In Leipzig he published his own books "Gospel According to Swedenborg" (1864), "Swedenborg's Rationalism: The Critical Analysis of his Study of the Holy Bible" (1870) and "The Book of Genesis according to Swedenborg" (1870), which were praised by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Nikolai Leskov. In the late 1860s Aksakov became famous as one of the organizers (along with professor A. M. Butleroff and zoologist and writer N. P. Wagner) of the first séances in Russia. He continued to translate major spiritualist works, including those of Andrew Jackson Davis (both into Russian and German). In 1874 he started editing the spiritualist monthly «Psychische Studien» based in Leipzig. One of his own best known works on the subject, "Animism and Spiritism", «Анимизм и спиритизм», was published in 1893. In Europe, Aksakov became known for his study of the mediumship of the British medium Mme. d'Esperance, whom he later praised as an honest, sincere and mysteriously gifted person.〔Alexander Aksakof. "A Case of Partial Dematerialization." Boston: 1898.〕 This side of his work has been well documented in Arthur Conan Doyle's "The History of Spiritualism".〔(A. Conan Doyle's The History of Spiritualism (Vol 2, chapter 2) ) (text file version)〕 Aksakov also investigated psychic medium Eusapia Palladino. Alexandr Aksakov wrote on the great variety of subjects, the most controversial of which was the nature and history of Russian drinking habits. His articles and essays appearing regularly in ''The Day'' (Dehn, «День») magazine edited by Ivan Aksakov. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexandr Aksakov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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